In a simulation comparison, a proposed routing scheme for video over mobile ad hoc networks produced the highest reported video-quality score among the tested approaches. IZM-DSR recorded 31.4 dB on the paper’s PSNR measure, a numerical video-quality score, compared with 30.5 dB for SMR and 29.8 dB for DSR. Its MOS rating was classified as Good (Near Border Line), while SMR and DSR were classified as Poor, with SMR also marked Near Border Line.
A route-selection idea for moving networks
The paper compares IZM-DSR, which the authors describe as an improvement of ZD-MPDSR, combined with layered video transmission, against SMR and DSR. The question was whether the combined scheme would perform better in simulated ad hoc networks.
The evaluation used GloMoSim for wireless-network simulation and evalvid for video-quality evaluation.
The modeled network used an unreported number of mobile nodes placed randomly in a 1,000-meter by 1,000-meter region. It used a 250-meter radio range, RADIO-ACCNOISE, IEEE 802.11 and random-waypoint mobility.
The video test used the Foreman sequence in QCIF format at 10 frames per second. The video was compressed with ffmpeg, evaluated with evalvid and played with a 1,000-millisecond decoder buffer.
How the video was split across paths
IZM-DSR ranks routes using ActiveNeighborCount. Intermediate nodes update the count from RREP information, while the source waits for other RREPs and selects routes with lower counts.
The video-transmission scheme places I/P frames in a base layer carried on two paths with low ActiveNeighborCounts. B frames are sent through other disjoint paths as an enhancement layer.
If an I-frame is lost, the scheme uses ARQ, sends the base-layer I frame over all disjoint paths and continues all-path I-frame transmission for a 1,000-millisecond threshold.
What the reported results include
At different node speeds, the paper reports comparisons with SMR and DSR for packet delivery ratio and average end-to-end delay—measures of how reliably packets arrived and how long delivery took. The text does not state the exact plotted values.
For selected paths, the authors report low average delay and loss ratio for base-layer I/P packets relative to three other routes. Those routes had ActiveNeighborCounts of 12, 12 and 15.
The reported video-quality comparison used a scenario with a maximum node speed of 20 metres per second. The authors selected the five top paths using the five lowest ActiveNeighborCounts.
A result still tied to the model
The authors interpret the simulation as showing that IZM-DSR provides almost disjoint paths suitable for layered video delivery in mobile ad hoc networks.
That conclusion is tied to the stated simulation setup. The study does not report the numeric value of N, and its text does not give the exact packet-delivery-ratio or average-delay values represented in the figures.
The evidence therefore describes a reported comparison using the stated network configuration and Foreman video setup. It does not by itself supply a complete numerical account of delivery and delay performance beyond the comparisons described in the paper.
Paper data and sources
Original title: Using Zone-Disjoint Multi-Path Routing Algorithm for Video Transmission over Ah-Hoc Networks
Authors: Ali Asghar Khavasi, Nastooh Taheri Javan
Journal/Repository: arXiv
Status: Preprint, not yet peer-reviewed
First online: 2026-08-20
DOI: Not available
Original paper · Full text