A review says Phase 1 trials have repeatedly expanded VRC01-class precursors in humans, while broad, potent serum antibodies and memory B cells remain the harder test.
In six experimentally infected beagles, trūRapid FOUR first detected heartworm antigen at week 20 after heat treatment and was positive in all six by week 22.
A prospective hospital study found that two dried-blood-spot devices closely matched paired serum results for anti-Trypanosoma cruzi antibodies, but low-index positives were sometimes missed.